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Sterilising your Dog or Cat

You may have heard about sterilisation for your pet. Although it’s considered a routine surgery, it’s still a major procedure, so it’s natural to feel worried. You may be asking yourself: Should I sterilise my pet? When is the best time to do it? What exactly happens on the day of surgery?

In this guide, Vets for Life, a senior vet clinic in Singapore, addresses these common questions for both dogs and cats, with a focus on local considerations like our tropical climate and veterinary standards.

What do “sterilisation”, “spay” and “neuter” mean?

“Sterilisation” refers to removing parts of a pet’s reproductive organs, making them unable to reproduce. It’s a once-off, permanent surgery.

  • Spay (female pets): Removal of the ovaries and uterus.
  • Neuter (male pets): Removal of the testicles.

💡 Did you know? In Singapore, all animals from shelters like SPCA and Voices for Animals must be sterilised before you can adopt them. It’s actually a legal requirement to help control pet overpopulation!

Should I sterilise my pet?

Benefits for female cats and dogs

  1. Prevention of deadly womb infections (pyometra)

Each time a female pet goes into heat, hormonal changes can lead to cysts forming in the uterus. This raises the risk of pyometra, a severe and often fatal uterine infection. Emergency surgery is needed to save affected pets, and operations on sick animals are way riskier than preventive spays.

Signs of pyometra are usually vague and include vomiting, lethargy, reduced appetite, and sometimes a smelly vaginal discharge. If you notice these, seek veterinary help immediately.

  1. Lower risk of cancers

Up to 80% of cat mammary tumours and 50% of dog mammary tumours are malignant; they will invade and damage other organs.

Spaying drastically reduces the likelihood of breast cancer. The earlier the spay, the greater the protective benefit. Removing the uterus also eliminates the risk of uterine cancer.

  1. Prevention of unwanted heat-related behaviour

Female pets in heat are in constant stress and discomfort. They may yowl loudly, pace, and appear restless. In Singapore’s year-round warm climate, female cats can cycle multiple times annually, which can be stressful for both the cat and the household. Just imagine the complaints from your neighbours too!

💡 Did you know? Without spaying, one female dog and her offspring can produce up to 67,000 puppies in just six years. In seven years, one female cat and her offspring can produce a staggering 370,000 kittens.

Benefits for male cats and dogs

  1. Reduced unwanted hormone-related behaviours

Unsterilised male pets often mark their territory (including furniture) with urine, attempt to escape to find mates, hump other pets or even humans, and get into fights. These behaviours aren’t just frustrating, they also increase the risk of injury and disease transmission, such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in cats. 

  1. Prevention of testicular cancer

The risk of testicular cancer increases as pets get older. Neutering removes the testicles, which means your dog or cat can never develop this type of cancer.

  1. Protection against testicular torsion (twisted testicles)

This painful and potentially life-threatening condition causes swelling, vomiting, and severe discomfort. If you ever suspect testicular torsion, it’s an emergency. Contact a vet clinic in Singapore immediately. Neutering removes the risk entirely.

  1. Lower chance of prostate problems

Older unneutered male dogs often suffer from enlarged prostates, which can make going to the bathroom very uncomfortable or difficult. Neutering helps reduce this risk.

  1. Reduced risk of perianal gland hernia and tumour

Hormonal stimulation in intact male dogs increases their risk of these painful conditions. Neutering takes that risk off the table.

💡 Did you know? The term “neuter” comes from Latin neuter, meaning “neither”, reflecting that the animal is no longer reproductively male or female.

The Broader Impact: Population Control Matters

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Beyond individual health benefits, spaying and neutering address Singapore’s pet overpopulation challenges. The reproductive potential of intact animals is truly staggering, contributing to shelter overcrowding and euthanasia rates worldwide. 

By choosing sterilisation, you’re making a responsible decision that benefits not just your pet, but the broader animal community!

When to sterilise your pets

Puppies and kittens reach sexual maturity around 6 months of age, though timing varies by size and species. Large-breed puppies generally hit “puberty” later, while some kittens can come into heat as early as 4 months.

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Vets generally recommend spaying before the first heat to reduce future health risks and prevent accidental litters:

  • Kittens and small‑to‑medium dogs: around 6 months
  • Large‑breed dogs: closer to 12 months.

These are only general guidelines – every pet is unique. An individual exam is essential to choose the safest timing for each pet.

What to Expect: The Sterilisation Process at Vets for Life

Pet sterilisation at Vets for Life is a comprehensive process designed for your pet’s safety and comfort. Here’s what happens:

Pre-Surgery Preparation

Beyond individual health benefits, spaying and neutering address Singapore’s pet overpopulation challenges. The reproductive potential of intact animals is truly staggering, contributing to shelter overcrowding and euthanasia rates worldwide. 

By choosing sterilisation, you’re making a responsible decision that benefits not just your pet, but the broader animal community!

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During Surgery

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General anesthesia ensures your pet remains completely unconscious and pain-free throughout the procedure. Our licensed veterinarians perform all surgeries in our state-of-the-art operating theaters, while veterinary technicians monitor vital signs using advanced patient monitoring systems.

Your pet’s safety is our top priority throughout the entire procedure.

💡 Did you know? The earliest recorded pet neutering without anesthesia was documented in 1893, when an anonymous veterinary surgeon described neutering a male cat by simply rolling it in a blanket – thankfully, modern veterinary medicine has advanced dramatically!

Post-Surgery Recovery

We’ll contact you once your pet is sufficiently awake after surgery. Post-surgical pain management is provided to ensure comfort during recovery. In Singapore, pets typically go home the same day when surgery proceeds smoothly.

Proper aftercare minimizes complications and promotes healing:

  • Activity restrictions: Limit your pet’s activity level to prevent stress on surgical sites 
  • Protective cone: Use the provided cone to prevent licking or chewing stitches
  • Medication administration: Follow prescribed pain medication schedules
  • Wound care: Use provided cleaning supplies as directed 
  • Follow-Up monitoring: Watch for any concerning symptoms

We also recommend post-surgery check-ups to ensure proper healing.

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When to Contact Your Veterinarian

Monitor your pet closely and contact us promptly if you notice:

  • Lethargy or poor appetite lasting more than 1-2 days
  • Wound swelling, discharge, or redness
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Any unusual behavior or symptoms

Emergency situations requiring immediate attention:

  • No urination for over 24 hours
  • Internal organs visible through the surgical site
  • Severe distress or pain

💡 Did you know? A common myth suggests that spaying and neutering cause weight gain, but veterinary science shows that lack of exercise and overfeeding are the real culprits – not the surgery itself!

Ready to Schedule Your Pet's Sterilisation?

Don’t wait to give your beloved companion the health benefits they deserve. Contact Vets for Life today to schedule a pre-surgery consultation and take the first step toward ensuring your pet’s longer, healthier, and happier life..